Borders of Time

The world in

323BCE

An atlas of five thousand years

Watch the world redraw itself.

Scrub through 54 maps, from the first cities to today, and see every empire, kingdom and nation rise, spread and break apart.

54
Historical maps

123,000 BCE to 2010

330+
Places, people & events

Each with its own page

16
Guided tours

Narrated, step by step

10
Voyages traced

Charted stop by stop

II

Six ages of the human story

The atlas is organised the way historians divide the past. Pick an age to see its maps, its empires and its people.

The full timeline
Prehistoric cave painting from Lascaux, showing animals in ochre and black pigment
Age IBefore 3000 BCE

Prehistoric

The long age before writing, when humans spread across the globe, took up farming, and raised the first villages and monuments. It is known only through archaeology — tools, bones, and art rather than names and dates.

The Narmer Palette, an ancient Egyptian ceremonial palette carved in greywacke
Age II3000 BCE – 500 BCE

Ancient

The age of the first cities, writing, and states — from Mesopotamia and Egypt to the Indus Valley and early China. Empires, law codes, and long-distance trade appeared as people began to record their world.

A geometric vase from ancient Rhodes, reproduced in an early encyclopaedia illustration
Age III500 BCE – 500 CE

Classical

An era of large empires and enduring ideas across Eurasia — Greece and Rome, Persia, Maurya and Han China — linked by routes like the Silk Road. Much of the world's lasting philosophy, religion, and science took shape here.

The Chi Rho page of the Book of Kells, densely ornamented with medieval manuscript decoration
Age IV500 CE – 1400 CE

Medieval

After Rome's western collapse, power fragmented and reformed: the Byzantine and Islamic worlds flourished, dynasties rose in China and India, and trading states like Mali grew rich. Faith and commerce tied distant regions together.

Abraham Ortelius's 1572 world map, dense with coastlines, labels, and cartographic ornament
Age V1400 CE – 1800 CE

Early Modern

Oceans became highways. Europeans reached the Americas, gunpowder empires spanned Asia, and goods, people, and diseases crossed continents for the first time — reshaping the world, often through conquest and slavery.

A modern industrial worker photographed in a workshop, with tools and machinery around him
Age VI1800 CE – today

Modern

Industry, nations, and rapid change. Steam, electricity, and later digital technology transformed daily life; empires expanded and then dissolved; and world wars, decolonization, and globalization drew nearly every society into one connected world.

III

Empires, rise and fall

Every territory on the map has a page: its story, its rulers, its pictures, and a link straight to its borders.

All places & empires

VI

Or simply pick a year

Each one opens the atlas at that moment.

Open the atlas
Picture credits